23 10 626 https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/433070738cce259aee24bd6a67e16198.pdf c8a03e41485ed7f44c934ebb5fce68f0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 28 File 20150622-intercept-gchq_ministry_stakeholder_relationships_spreadsheets.pdf CreatorOffice GCHQ Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/06/22/gchq-reverse-engineering-warrants/ None Source:File URL of the source file 20150622-intercept-gchq_ministry_stakeholder_relationships_spreadsheets.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Document contains redactions Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Spreadsheet Report:Creator Author of the original news report Glenn Greenwald Date:Leaked 2015-06-22 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150813201852/https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/06/22/gchq-reverse-engineering-warrants/# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Unknown Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/harknessj/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1448949792_1/20150622-intercept-gchq_ministry_stakeholder_relationships_spreadsheets.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2008 Distribution Unknown Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs General intelligence Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150622-intercept-gchq_ministry_stakeholder_relationships_spreadsheets.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document contains a selection of spreadsheets composed by GCHQ. Each spreadsheet identifies a specific UK government ministry, and contains information about the objectives of the office, and GCHQ's desired operations involving that department. It also identifies specific GCHQ leads within each department. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Department of Transport (TranSec) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH0163f34c76766bd55c749d2e Title A name given to the resource GCHQ - U.K. Ministry Stakeholder Relationships Spreadsheets Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/87c1857d90ac2457d43a2e88dd544300.pdf 3ad9b6c28333f46a5fab4da6873378c9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 27 File 20150701-intercept-unofficial_xks_user_guide.pdf CreatorOffice BAH Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/07/01/nsas-google-worlds-private-communications/ General intelligence Source:File URL of the source file 20150701-intercept-unofficial_xks_user_guide.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Author's name redacted Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Report Report:Creator Author of the original news report Micah Lee Date:Leaked 2015-07-01 Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document COMINT Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F846.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2010 Distribution 5VEY Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs XKEYSCORE URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150723204534/https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/07/01/nsas-google-worlds-private-communications/# Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150701-intercept-unofficial_xks_user_guide.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a report prepared by a consultant working for Booz Allen Hamilton. It provides a comprehensive user's guide for the NSA's data analysis tool, XKEYSCORE. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource XKEYSCORE Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASHcb6444a94cfc4e7340fa6e Title A name given to the resource The Unofficial XKEYSCORE User Guide Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Booz Allen Hamilton Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/412353263f461bdcf10af5ee2bb24812.pdf db03bea95c762516e0038dac044ce5ee Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 6 File Preston-Study.pdf CreatorOffice GCHQ Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://theintercept.com/2016/06/07/mi5-gchq-digint-surveillance-data-deluge/ London G20 Source:File URL of the source file Preston-Study.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Presentation Slides Report:Creator Author of the original news report Ryan Gallagher Date:Leaked 2016-06-07 Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Top Secret Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F1195.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2009-03-30 Distribution STRAP 1 Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs PRESTON Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Preston-Study.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is an internal GCHQ slideshow. It documents a series of case studies of the use of the PRESTON program, used to intercept phone calls, text messages and internet data. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource PRESTON Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH0119da2953f0c3682499bffc Title A name given to the resource ArteMIS: DGO and DOC Special Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/a5657d1cc7962f3ac741f2024acd5eef.pdf e8ff7e27d52a24275f1369199f44f65e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 3 File 20141228-spiegel-general_description_how_nsa_handles_encrypted_traffic.pdf CreatorOffice CES Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/inside-the-nsa-s-war-on-internet-security-a-1010361.html Encrypted communications Source:File URL of the source file 20141228-spiegel-general_description_how_nsa_handles_encrypted_traffic.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Information owner redacted Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Newsletter Report:Creator Author of the original news report Spiegel Staff Date:Leaked 2014-12-28 URL http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/inside-the-nsa-s-war-on-internet-security-a-1010361.html Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Top Secret Report:Link Link to the original news report http://G:/snowden1/tmp/1449073707/20141228-spiegel-general_description_how_nsa_handles_encrypted_traffic.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2011-09-14 Distribution 5VEY Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs BULLRUN Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Der Spiegel Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20141228-spiegel-general_description_how_nsa_handles_encrypted_traffic.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a newsletter article from the NSA Cryptanalysis and Exploitation Services that discusses the rise of "ubiquitous encryption" on the internet, and the NSAs top secret strategies for circumvention. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource DNI - Digital Network Intelligence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH0119319a7654aebb3133273c Title A name given to the resource SIGINT Strategy Threads 4 and 7 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Cryptanalysis and Exploitation Services Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/c4acafafdcae818b8474e4343e4d8788.pdf e37bf91a28ae4e53d622adb7a4164474 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 13 File 20130816-wapo-sid_oversight.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/nsa-broke-privacy-rules-thousands-of-times-per-year-audit-finds/2013/08/15/3310e554-05ca-11e3-a07f-49ddc7417125_story.html Internet Metadata Source:File URL of the source file 20130816-wapo-sid_oversight.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Name of the Chief of the Signals Intelligence Directorate, Oversight and Compliance office removed Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Report Report:Creator Author of the original news report Barton Gellman Date:Leaked 2013-08-15 Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document COMINT Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F936.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2012-05-03 Distribution NOFORN Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs General Intelligence Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Washington Post Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20130816-wapo-sid_oversight.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a report created by the NSA's Signals Intelligence Directorate (SID)'s Office of Oversight and Compliance. This report evaluates the incidents of "incidents" (described as "collection, dissemination, unauthorized access, and retention") that run counter to the NSA's own internal policies and legal restraints such as Executive Order 12333 and FISA. Detailed narratives of certain incidents are included in appendices to the main report. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource STELLARWIND Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH0119444ad00bef0c4b557c50 Title A name given to the resource Intelligence Oversight (IO) Quarterly Report - First Calendar Year 2012 (1 January - 31 March 2012) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Signals Intelligence Directorate Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/66db889dd49330901d93cceae201f19c.pdf 64a094f6efda5290f76626c5e5f1a0d2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 2 File 20140307-intercept-nsa_ask_zelda_watching_every_word_in_snitch_city.pdf CreatorOffice Zelda Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2014/03/07/nsa-advice-columnist-seriously/ None Source:File URL of the source file 20140307-intercept-nsa_ask_zelda_watching_every_word_in_snitch_city.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Article Report:Creator Author of the original news report Peter Maass Date:Leaked 2014-03-07 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150521193526/https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2014/03/07/nsa-advice-columnist-seriously/# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Unclassified Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/harknessj/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1441071081/20140307-intercept-nsa_ask_zelda_watching_every_word_in_snitch_city.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2011-09-09 Distribution Unclassified Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs None Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20140307-intercept-nsa_ask_zelda_watching_every_word_in_snitch_city.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is an article from SIDToday, an internal newsletter of the NSA's Signals Intelligence Directorate division. It is a part of the series titled "Ask Zelda", an advice column. This article responds to an enquiry into appropriate levels of workplace surveillance by NSA supervisors on their employees. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Associate Directorate for Corporate Leadership Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH4b89a4df743605d731021b Title A name given to the resource "Ask Zelda!" : Watching Every Word in Snitch City Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Signals Intelligence Directorate Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/337c1c17cd2f04fabd11a77f1d72b3e0.pdf f7235c3fedb6dba9a75a1f34f22657c2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 4 File 20150518_intercept_rc-sw-intsum-20110619-20110620-r.pdf CreatorOffice RCSRC Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/05/18/snowden-osama-bin-laden-raid/ Pakistan Source:File URL of the source file 20150518_intercept_rc-sw-intsum-20110619-20110620-r.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Author's names redacted Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Briefing Report:Creator Author of the original news report Margot Williams Date:Leaked 2015-05-18 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150723204819/http://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/05/08/u-s-government-designated-prominent-al-jazeera-journalist-al-qaeda-member-put-watch-list/#/ Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document FGI GBR Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F171.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2011-06-19 Distribution REL USA, ISAF, NATO Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs General Intelligence Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150518_intercept_rc-sw-intsum-20110619-20110620-r.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is an intelligence report created by Regional Command Southwest. It describes the political situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan on June 19 - 20 2011. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Karachi Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH66009c4ca4e6b79610afe5 Title A name given to the resource Afghanistan: Intelligence Summary, 19 June - 20 June Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Regional Command Southwest RC(SW) Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/bf2291d266d4664b2b642af403cf7e41.pdf 8425286145c48e23a0fbfebf645071c8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 2 File 20150528-intercept-leave_bright_pebbles_not_breadcrumbs_for_those_coming_after_you.pdf CreatorOffice SID Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/05/28/nsa-officials-privately-criticize-collect-it-all-surveillance/ None Source:File URL of the source file 20150528-intercept-leave_bright_pebbles_not_breadcrumbs_for_those_coming_after_you.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Author's name removed Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Memo Report:Creator Author of the original news report Peter Maass Date:Leaked 2015-05-28 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150723204815/http://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/05/28/nsa-officials-privately-criticize-collect-it-all-surveillance/#/ Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document FOUO Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1449702106/20150528-intercept-leave_bright_pebbles_not_breadcrumbs_for_those_coming_after_you.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2010-09-24 Distribution Unknown Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs None Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150528-intercept-leave_bright_pebbles_not_breadcrumbs_for_those_coming_after_you.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a memo composed by an official within the Signals Intelligence Directorate (SID) of the NSA. In this memo, the author describes the importance of inter-agency cooperation in sharing intelligence. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource SIBtoday Blog Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH014af2aff2d69d2709ce4227 Title A name given to the resource Op-ed: Leave Bright Pebbles, Not Breadcrumbs, for Those Coming After You Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Signals Intelligence Directorate Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/f28e15aef9514f95555c735b8de8f48f.pdf e346e1e720696b4f9516ff1376414c38 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 3 File 20131030-wapo-muscular.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/nsa-infiltrates-links-to-yahoo-google-data-centers-worldwide-snowden-documents-say/2013/10/30/e51d661e-4166-11e3-8b74-d89d714ca4dd_story.html Yahoo! and Google internal infrastructure Source:File URL of the source file 20131030-wapo-muscular.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Analyst's names removed Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Presentation slides Report:Creator Author of the original news report Ashkan Soltani Date:Leaked 2013-10-30 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150604201224/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/nsa-infiltrates-links-to-yahoo-google-data-centers-worldwide-snowden-documents-say/2013/10/30/e51d661e-4166-11e3-8b74-d89d714ca4dd_story.html# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document SI Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1449701723_1/20131030-wapo-muscular.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2013-02-28 Distribution REL USA, GBR Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs MUSCULAR ; WINDSTOP ; INCENSER ; TURMOIL Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Washington Post Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20131030-wapo-muscular.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document contains of NSA Special Source Operations slides and speaking remarks related to the MUSCULAR program. WINDSTOP is a trusted secondary component of this program. MUSCULAR involves the interception of the data flows across the fibre optic cables that carry information among the data centers of major tech companies, including Google and Yahoo. This update on the state of the program, which is administered by GCHQ, was created by the NSA's Special Source Operations. It describes a problem with Yahoo mailbox transfers, which required a throttling of data capture. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Buddy Lists Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH014aa837dd480c8533c2e384 Title A name given to the resource WINDSTOP/2P System Highlights Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Special Source Operations Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/193700b77db500dae393f3b03b298d7f.pdf 7d3b8177ac4c1ba9168ff4cfc7e7d9e9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 1 File 20150925-intercept-event_analysis.pdf CreatorOffice GCHQ Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://theintercept.com/2015/09/25/gchq-radio-porn-spies-track-web-users-online-identities/ Internet Communications Source:File URL of the source file 20150925-intercept-event_analysis.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document FOIA inquiry contact information redacted Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Presentation Slides Report:Creator Author of the original news report Ryan Gallagher Date:Leaked 2015-09-25 Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Unknown Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F837.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2012 Distribution Unknown Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs SALAMANCA; HAUSTORIUM; THUGGEE; IMMINGLE Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150925-intercept-event_analysis.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document describes the surveillance tools SALAMANCA, HAUSTORIUM, THUGGEE and IMMINGLE at a high level of abstraction. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource IMMINGLE Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH015246277d4826b6965c841c Title A name given to the resource Events Analysis Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) Relation A related resource Snowden