22 10 626 https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/fddf2a585e7a11e83a724c04075c71e8.pdf 36b683ab811450d4330e58049f57f069 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 14 File 20150622-intercept-kaspersky_user-agent_strings_-_nsa.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/06/22/nsa-gchq-targeted-kaspersky/ Anti Virus Programs Source:File URL of the source file 20150622-intercept-kaspersky_user-agent_strings_-_nsa.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Names of authors and reviewers have been redacted Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Report Report:Creator Author of the original news report Morgan Marquis-Boire Date:Leaked 2015-06-22 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150813201750/https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/06/22/nsa-gchq-targeted-kaspersky/# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Comint Report:Link Link to the original news report http://G:/snowden1/tmp/1449073986/20150622-intercept-kaspersky_user-agent_strings_-_nsa.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2008-09 Distribution 5VEY Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs General intelligence Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150622-intercept-kaspersky_user-agent_strings_-_nsa.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a Report created by the NSA. It describes attempts to exploit weaknesses in anti-virus systems created by the Russian company, Kapersky Lab. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Kapesky Lab Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASHd27ba517a332ce2708c3c1 Title A name given to the resource Kapersky User-Agent Strings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/421474f61723f5af79aeb7d1b225f07a.pdf 259bfe9c1d4308805c26036d7a864d23 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 37 File 20150925-intercept-operational_engineering_november_2010_0.pdf CreatorOffice GCHQ Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://theintercept.com/2015/09/25/gchq-radio-porn-spies-track-web-users-online-identities/ Internet Communciations Source:File URL of the source file 20150925-intercept-operational_engineering_november_2010_0.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Information in screenshots redacted Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Presentation slides Report:Creator Author of the original news report Ryan Gallagher Date:Leaked 2010-11 Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document SECRET Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1449702203/20150925-intercept-operational_engineering_november_2010_0.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2015-09-25 Distribution STRAP 1 Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs SOCIAL ANTHROPOID; GUIDING LIGHT; SAMUEL PEPYS Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150925-intercept-operational_engineering_november_2010_0.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a power point presentation from the GCHQ, outlining different event analysis products, including SOCIAL ANTHROPOID, LUSTRE, SAMUEL PEPYS, and GUIDING LIGHT. It includes screen shots of query forms and result lists. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource populate scale datamining Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH08db473a94bdc5719c8f79 Title A name given to the resource Events Product Centre Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/759dcb3054c0332948908f9b3b0d10bb.pdf f2cc463f88d0550544aec3c696891f29 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 2 File 20150505_intercept_sidtoday-is-hlt-progressing-final.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/05/05/nsa-speech-recognition-snowden-searchable-text/ Cuba Source:File URL of the source file 20150505_intercept_sidtoday-is-hlt-progressing-final.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Names have been redacted Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Newsletter Report:Creator Author of the original news report Dan Froomkin Date:Leaked 2015-05-05 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150723204820/http://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/05/05/nsa-speech-recognition-snowden-searchable-text/#/ Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document TOP SECRET Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1449702094/20150505_intercept_sidtoday-is-hlt-progressing-final.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2011-09-06 Distribution FOUO Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs SIGINT Enabling Project Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150505_intercept_sidtoday-is-hlt-progressing-final.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is from the NSA internal newsletter, SIDtoday. It discusses the progress of Human Language Technology (HLT) research, focussing on projects in Afghanistan, and Latin America. It also indicates the future potential of HLT. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Summer Camp for Applied Language Exploration - SCALE Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH54081a41d4e2352e54f3f7 Title A name given to the resource How is Human Language Technology (HLT) Progressing Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Human Language Technology Research Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/3a4f1a2adf5f3c695b77c1fb91af1117.pdf 07624806d23cbf4cb183637448c4ddbb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 4 File 20130606-wapo-prism.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/us-intelligence-mining-data-from-nine-us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-program/2013/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html Internet metadata Source:File URL of the source file 20130606-wapo-prism.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Presenter's name removed Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Presentation slides Report:Creator Author of the original news report Laura Poitras Date:Leaked 2013-06-07 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150723202534/http://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/us-intelligence-mining-data-from-nine-us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-program/2013/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document ORCON Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/harknessj/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1448949119/20130606-wapo-prism.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2013-04 Distribution NOFORN Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs PRISM Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Washington Post Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20130606-wapo-prism.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a selection of slides from an internal NSA presentation describing the PRISM program. This program involved mining internet metadata directly from the servers from nine leading U.S. Internet companies. The NSA's partners in this program are: Microsoft (since 2007), Yahoo! (since 2008), Google (since 2009), facebook (since 2009), Paltalk (since 2009), YouTube (since 2010), Skype (since 2011), AOL (since 2011) and Apple (since 2012). Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource SIGAD Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH04d7e7f36de4c51b17a95c Title A name given to the resource PRISM / US-984XN Overview, or The SIGAD Used Most in NSA Reporting Overview Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency : Special Source Operations Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/10a2c3b9ecea095644ed2b309ab79eda.pdf 901d9a69e6db869e51ff1e4524357041 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 3 File 20150622-intercept-ndist_-_gchqs_developing_cyber_defence_mission.pdf CreatorOffice NDIST Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/06/22/nsa-gchq-targeted-kaspersky/ Malware Source:File URL of the source file 20150622-intercept-ndist_-_gchqs_developing_cyber_defence_mission.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Presentation Report:Creator Author of the original news report Morgan Marquis-Boire Date:Leaked 2015-06-22 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150813201750/https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/06/22/nsa-gchq-targeted-kaspersky/# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document STRAP 1 Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F1025.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2007 Distribution 5VEY Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs General intelligence Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150622-intercept-ndist_-_gchqs_developing_cyber_defence_mission.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This presentation outlines the focus of GCHQ's developing Cyber Defence Mission. It also includes a map of the Northern Hemisphere indicating how many malware events are collected by GCHQ every day. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Cyber Defence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH917b732a68f0dcec7180cb Title A name given to the resource GCHQ's developing Cyber Defence Mission Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) - Network Defence Intelligence and Security Team Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/cdb9308800d959687c8e0635587329d3.pdf 65b9f4595e9ef36d5f8a0338361a8fcb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 5 File 20141228-spiegel-description_of_voip_telephony_encryption_methods_and_other_ways_to_attack.pdf CreatorOffice GCHQ Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/inside-the-nsa-s-war-on-internet-security-a-1010361.html Encrypted communications Source:File URL of the source file 20141228-spiegel-description_of_voip_telephony_encryption_methods_and_other_ways_to_attack.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Information has been redacted Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Newsletter Report:Creator Author of the original news report Spiegel Staff Date:Leaked 2014-12-28 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150629191248/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/inside-the-nsa-s-war-on-internet-security-a-1010361.html# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Top Secret Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F683.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2006 Distribution STRAP 1 Encoding utf8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Der Spiegel Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20141228-spiegel-description_of_voip_telephony_encryption_methods_and_other_ways_to_attack.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is an update from an internal intelligence community discussion group for media, including both the NSA and GCHQ. The topic is a summary of the main take aways of the recent IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force conference and discusses latest decryption methods. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource SIP Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH350d18b102f8d1c5d38088 Title A name given to the resource VoIP NSA alias - IETF conference Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/07c672bb3078dad3580956e300835de4.pdf 6720f2270b1826a3e786c504b26021b2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 4 File 20140610-cryptome-dea-nsa-sandkey.pdf CreatorOffice DEA Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://www.eff.org/document/20140610-cryptome-sandkey Unencrypted VHF voice communications Source:File URL of the source file 20140610-cryptome-dea-nsa-sandkey.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Document is an extract from a larger report Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Presentation slides Report:Creator Author of the original news report None Date:Leaked 2014-06-10 Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Confidential Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1449701863/20140610-cryptome-dea-nsa-sandkey.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2012 Distribution 5VEY Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs SANDKEY Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Cryptome Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20140610-cryptome-dea-nsa-sandkey.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is an extract from a report describing the joint DEA / NSA SANDKEY program. SANDKEY targets unencrypted voice communications of drug-traffickers at sea. This document displays the location and operational status of the program's FCC - HFDF Network, its CONUS collection antennas and its OCONUS collection antennas. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource DICE Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASHc1f5201d06bcd1732c8650 Title A name given to the resource DEA / NSA SANDKEY Voice Intercepts Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Drug Enforcement Agency Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/5c8fd256d9f7d781afccc04bb19df8c2.pdf 77df5c570743fc22c202ff414cccb416 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 3 File 20140618-der_spiegel-nostalgic_recollections_from_nsa_workers_formerly_stationed_in_bad_aibling.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.spiegel.de/international/the-germany-file-of-edward-snowden-documents-available-for-download-a-975917.html None Source:File URL of the source file 20140618-der_spiegel-nostalgic_recollections_from_nsa_workers_formerly_stationed_in_bad_aibling.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Newsletter Report:Creator Author of the original news report Spiegel Staff Date:Leaked 2014-06-18 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150629191306/http://www.spiegel.de/international/the-germany-file-of-edward-snowden-documents-available-for-download-a-975917.html# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Unclassified Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1449701894/20140618-der_spiegel-nostalgic_recollections_from_nsa_workers_formerly_stationed_in_bad_aibling.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2004-04-06 Distribution FOUO Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs None Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Der Spiegel Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20140618-der_spiegel-nostalgic_recollections_from_nsa_workers_formerly_stationed_in_bad_aibling.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This NSA newsrelease contains former Bad Aibiling NSA staff memories from their time at the station. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Bad Aibling, Germany Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH014400a54d28c92f1c52247a Title A name given to the resource A Little Bad Aibling Nostalgia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/4a290a7c87149241d7daebfe61f732a7.pdf ebea6986a72c807c085290c3bec21a11 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 1 File 20150518_intercept_nctc-current-status-of-major-terrorism-figures.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/05/18/snowden-osama-bin-laden-raid/ Terror suspects Source:File URL of the source file 20150518_intercept_nctc-current-status-of-major-terrorism-figures.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Report Report:Creator Author of the original news report Margot Williams Date:Leaked 2015-05-18 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150723204819/http://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/05/08/u-s-government-designated-prominent-al-jazeera-journalist-al-qaeda-member-put-watch-list/#/ Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Top Secret, HCS, SI, ORCON, MR Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1449702099_1/20150518_intercept_nctc-current-status-of-major-terrorism-figures.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2008-06 Distribution NOFORN Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs General Surveillance Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150518_intercept_nctc-current-status-of-major-terrorism-figures.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is an extract from an NSA report detailing the current (as of June 2008) status and location of Usama Bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Terrorism Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH01449d7aca1499d66718ba10 Title A name given to the resource Current Status of Major Terrorism Figures Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/8852e1bfa1636fbff1c222c5fe9a551a.pdf 667364f675b1612d150b85920075e1cb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 6 File 20140831-spiegel-jordan_belgium.pdf CreatorOffice GCHQ Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/documents-show-nsa-and-gchq-spied-on-partner-turkey-a-989011.html Telephony metadata Source:File URL of the source file 20140831-spiegel-jordan_belgium.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Contact details removed Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Report Report:Creator Author of the original news report Marcel Rosenbach Date:Leaked 2014-08-31 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150716201807/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/documents-show-nsa-and-gchq-spied-on-partner-turkey-a-989011.html# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Secret Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F681.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2008-01-12 Distribution STRAP 1 Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs SIGINT Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Der Spiegel Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20140831-spiegel-jordan_belgium.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document appears to be an GCHQ analysis of "transit calls" of potential target: "This informal report has been issued to highlight a link of potential interest for tasking." Transit calls, likely tracking data/voice transmission through one device to another, are shown here connecting to many different countries. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Depthgauge Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH01443671f0603d1f0d145947 Title A name given to the resource JORDAN-BELGIUM Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) Relation A related resource Snowden