40 10 626 https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/6abc1b9ec865eb92acd90af9dbb8b88f.pdf 6c1cc629338010580a40fd4ff6074f86 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 1 File 20150701-intercept-un_secretary_general_xks.pdf CreatorOffice SSO Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/07/01/nsas-google-worlds-private-communications/ Diplomatic Communications Source:File URL of the source file 20150701-intercept-un_secretary_general_xks.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Presentation slides Report:Creator Author of the original news report Micah Lee Date:Leaked 2015-07-01 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150723204534/https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/07/01/nsas-google-worlds-private-communications/# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document SI Report:Link Link to the original news report http://G:/snowden1/tmp/1449074077/20150701-intercept-un_secretary_general_xks.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2010 Distribution NOFORN Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs XKEYSCORE Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150701-intercept-un_secretary_general_xks.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is an extract from an internal NSA presentation. It outlines how NSA analysts used the data analysis tool XKEYSCORE to gain access to the talking points of the U.N. Secretary General prior to their meeting with President Barack Obama. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource S2C52 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH0135a2700d7e238fa9636d88 Title A name given to the resource Operational Highlight Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Special Source Operations Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/467f875fb5be00e3781b1fa8659ccc6a.pdf 6c1cc629338010580a40fd4ff6074f86 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 1 File 20150701-intercept-un_secretary_general_xks.pdf CreatorOffice SSO Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/07/01/nsas-google-worlds-private-communications/ Diplomatic Communications Source:File URL of the source file 20150701-intercept-un_secretary_general_xks.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Presentation slides Report:Creator Author of the original news report Micah Lee Date:Leaked 2015-07-01 Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document SI Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F380.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2010 Distribution NOFORN Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs XKEYSCORE Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150701-intercept-un_secretary_general_xks.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is an extract from an internal NSA presentation. It outlines how NSA analysts used the data analysis tool XKEYSCORE to gain access to the talking points of the U.N. Secretary General prior to their meeting with President Barack Obama. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource S2C52 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASHdb8e27cc2e33edf57ce8e2 Title A name given to the resource Operational Highlight Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Special Source Operations Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/f8ce690adba300ae18d41eb9c1d0b6cc.pdf 9be34feee7d08f1d5d14dddc07d66ea2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 1 File 20150402-Intercept-JTRIG Wiki Highlights August 2009.pdf CreatorOffice JTRIG Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/04/02/gchq-argentina-falklands/ Diplomatic Communications Source:File URL of the source file 20150402-Intercept-JTRIG Wiki Highlights August 2009.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Newsletter Report:Creator Author of the original news report Glenn Greenwald Date:Leaked 2015-04-02 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150604201256/https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/04/02/gchq-argentina-falklands/# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Top Secret Report:Link Link to the original news report http://G:/snowden1/tmp/1449073918/20150402-Intercept-JTRIG Wiki Highlights August 2009.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2009-08 Distribution STRAP 1 Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs QUITO Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150402-Intercept-JTRIG Wiki Highlights August 2009.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is an extract from a newsletter created by GCHQ's JTRIG division. It describes the planning processes behind operation QUITO, an effort to manipulate Latin American public opinion regarding the country's claims to the Falkland Islands / Malvinas. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource The Foreign Office Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASHb02bb6f891b5aff7bc0983 Title A name given to the resource Operational Highlights, August 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) - Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/3bde2f6d73df4d595559c58df56e23c5.pdf 2c5a473a07689d7577fa510662d43191 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 156 File 20150622-intercept-operational_legalities_gchq_powerpoint_presentation.pdf CreatorOffice GCHQ Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/06/22/gchq-reverse-engineering-warrants/ General intelligence Source:File URL of the source file 20150622-intercept-operational_legalities_gchq_powerpoint_presentation.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Document contains redactions Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Presentation slides Report:Creator Author of the original news report Glenn Greenwald Date:Leaked 2015-06-22 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150813201852/https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/06/22/gchq-reverse-engineering-warrants/# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Unknown Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/harknessj/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1448949799/20150622-intercept-operational_legalities_gchq_powerpoint_presentation.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2010 Distribution Unknown Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs General intelligence Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150622-intercept-operational_legalities_gchq_powerpoint_presentation.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is an internal presentation prepared by officers at GCHQ. It establishes the legal framework of surveillance activities performed by British intelligence agencies, notably GCHQ. It also outlines the features of the BROAD OAK database system for storing and retrieving surveillance information. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource UDAQ Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH01464950eda2a579d4fd0445 Title A name given to the resource Operational Legalities Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/41a4e4b8c9c989121fa8d5787356cfd5.pdf 122c0e58c1f374013c1a5ecde32e4b66 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 3 File 20140227-guard-gchq_optic.pdf CreatorOffice GCHQ Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/27/gchq-nsa-webcam-images-internet-yahoo Yahoo Source:File URL of the source file 20140227-guard-gchq_optic.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Document contains redactions Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Report Report:Creator Author of the original news report James Ball Date:Leaked 2014-02-27 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150625200849/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/27/gchq-nsa-webcam-images-internet-yahoo# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Secret Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F267.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2008-12 Distribution STRAP 1 Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs OPTIC NERVE Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Guardian Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20140227-guard-gchq_optic.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a report on the development of OPTIC NERVE, a web interface used to display Yahoo Webcam images. It also describes the procedures put in place by GCHQ to control exposure to "undesirable" webcam imagery. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Webcam images Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASHac68b84badb2cf839a4215 Title A name given to the resource OPTIC NERVE - Yahoo Webcam display and target discovery Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/0115d73ce263bc135f5049c14bf09e46.pdf d5375f992d1df828be4e2866753160bf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 24 File 20150701-intercept-osint_fusion_project.pdf CreatorOffice IS&GS Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/07/01/nsas-google-worlds-private-communications/ Open source information Source:File URL of the source file 20150701-intercept-osint_fusion_project.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Document contains redactions Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Presentation slides Report:Creator Author of the original news report Micah Lee Date:Leaked 2015-07-01 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150723204534/https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/07/01/nsas-google-worlds-private-communications/# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document COMINT Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1449702140/20150701-intercept-osint_fusion_project.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2009-05 Distribution 5VEY Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs XKEYSCORE Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150701-intercept-osint_fusion_project.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a presentation that outlines the OSINT fusion project, performed in tandem by contractors of the NSA and GCHQ. The OSINT fusion project aims to compile OSINT (open source intelligence) enabling analysts to further perform computer network operations (CNO). Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource SIGINT - Signals intelligence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH01be029df0821a04276f2375 Title A name given to the resource OSINT Fusion Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lockheed Martin IS&GS Intelligence Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/6581f74609020ad9451ff6e94f95fc1d.pdf 210653b9c93e43ca71223587b0796605 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 12 File 20140618-DerSpiegel-presentation_on_the_nsacia_unit_special_collection_service.pdf CreatorOffice SCS Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/new-snowden-revelations-on-nsa-spying-in-germany-a-975441.html VPN - Virtual Private Network Source:File URL of the source file 20140618-DerSpiegel-presentation_on_the_nsacia_unit_special_collection_service.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Presentation slides Report:Creator Author of the original news report Spiegel Staff Date:Leaked 2014-06-18 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150716201803/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/new-snowden-revelations-on-nsa-spying-in-germany-a-975441.html# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document COMINT Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F505.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2011-03 Distribution 5VEY Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs EINSTEIN / CASTANET; INTERQUAKE Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Der Spiegel Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20140618-DerSpiegel-presentation_on_the_nsacia_unit_special_collection_service.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is an NSA presentation prepared by the Special Collection Service division in preparation for the Pacific Sigdev Conference held in March 2011. It describes the organizational structure of the division, including key strategic partnerships with other U.S. law enforcement and intelligence agencies. It also describes the EINSTEIN, CASTANET and INTERQUAKE surveillance programs. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource PANOPLY Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH01b60ee816e6bc38a15b0798 Title A name given to the resource Pacific SIGDEV Conference March 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Special Collections Service Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/b47dfc61a2bd4e85c68b8068e96955bc.pdf 87ad92c257c659e15b94f5a0567fbf34 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 1 File 20141125-sz-partner_cables.pdf CreatorOffice GCHQ Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://international.sueddeutsche.de/post/103543418200/snowden-leaks-how-vodafone-subsidiary-cable Telecommunications Source:File URL of the source file 20141125-sz-partner_cables.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Report Report:Creator Author of the original news report Jan Strozyk Date:Leaked 2014-11-25 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150630210959/http://international.sueddeutsche.de/post/103543418200/snowden-leaks-how-vodafone-subsidiary-cable# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Unknown Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F748.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2012 Distribution Unknown Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs REMEDY; GERONTIC; DACRON; LITTLE; STREET CAR; PINNAGE; VITREOUS Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Süddeutsche Zeitung Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20141125-sz-partner_cables.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a GCHQ report listing their corporate partners assisting in telecommunications cable interception. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource VITREOUS Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH44ca53ebfcc235cd033f67 Title A name given to the resource Partner Cables Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/98782e80bf267e1222f591ffc4eda449.pdf db518d0cd3724dee1d37c16ebb516dd3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 30 File 20150117-speigel-csec_document_on_the_handling_of_existing_trojans_when_trojanizing_computers.pdf CreatorOffice CSEC Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/new-snowden-docs-indicate-scope-of-nsa-preparations-for-cyber-battle-a-1013409.html Computer Networks Source:File URL of the source file 20150117-speigel-csec_document_on_the_handling_of_existing_trojans_when_trojanizing_computers.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document CCNE contact information redacted Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Presentation slides Report:Creator Author of the original news report Michael Sontheimer Date:Leaked 2015-01-17 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150629191246/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/new-snowden-docs-indicate-scope-of-nsa-preparations-for-cyber-battle-a-1013409-2.html# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Top Secret Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/harknessj/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1448949671/20150117-speigel-csec_document_on_the_handling_of_existing_trojans_when_trojanizing_computers.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2010-06 Distribution Unknown Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs WARRIORPRIDE; REPLICANTFARM Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Der Spiegel Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150117-speigel-csec_document_on_the_handling_of_existing_trojans_when_trojanizing_computers.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document contains presentation slides from a CSEC presentation at the NSA SIGDEV conference in 2010. The deck provides an overview of CSEC's CCNE (counter computer network exploitation) team and its operations, applications and examples. The applications WARRIORPRIDE and REPLICANT FARM are discussed, as well as the use of ORB, opertaional relay boxes, which allow the CCNE to hide its actions. <br><br> Christopher Parsons has written a more detailed analysis of the this document, accessible <a href="https://www.christopher-parsons.com/writings/cse-summaries/#pay-attention" target="_blank">here.</a> Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource ORB - Operational Relay Boxes Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH947058aeb8a5fcf10bc303 Title A name given to the resource Pay attention to that man behind the curtain: Discovering aliens on CNE infrastructure Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Communications Security Establishment Canada Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/6bccbda46a360d2dd29087c3080e2c16.pdf 2937153f86228e93d08c691864fdada8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 24 File 20150219-Intercept-PCS Harvesting At Scale.pdf CreatorOffice GCHQ Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/02/19/great-sim-heist/ Individual Subscriber Authentication Keys Source:File URL of the source file 20150219-Intercept-PCS Harvesting At Scale.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Document contains redactions Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Report Report:Creator Author of the original news report Josh Begley Date:Leaked 2015-02-19 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150604201259/https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/02/19/great-sim-heist/# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Top Secret Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1449702065_1/20150219-Intercept-PCS Harvesting At Scale.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2010-03-27 Distribution STRAP 1 Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs Gemalto SIM Attack Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150219-Intercept-PCS Harvesting At Scale.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a report that describes the introduction of an automated approach to retrieving Individual Subscriber Authentication Keys (KIs) from networks of the SIM card manufacturer Gemalto, which was compromised by a GCHQ CNE (Computer Network Exploitation) attack. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource KI harvesting Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH01c8c7152f5c2bd51dde7f01 Title A name given to the resource PCS Harvesting at Scale Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) Relation A related resource Snowden