42 10 626 https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/0314340991c20ae0c00b68093b69acc1.pdf 53b8778be28ce976084ff6561be51b44 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 2 File 20131210-cbc-nsa_csec_partnership.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/snowden-document-shows-canada-set-up-spy-posts-for-nsa-1.2456886 Foreign communications Source:File URL of the source file 20131210-cbc-nsa_csec_partnership.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Some elements have been redacted Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Memo Report:Creator Author of the original news report Ryan Gallagher Date:Leaked 2013-12-09 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150703204906/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/snowden-document-shows-canada-set-up-spy-posts-for-nsa-1.2456886# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document SI Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F121.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2013-03-03 Distribution 5VEY Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs General intelligence Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available CBC Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20131210-cbc-nsa_csec_partnership.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a NSA brief outlining the intelligence relationship operating between the NSA and Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC). <br><br>A more detailed analysis of this document has been written by Christopher Parsons and is available <a href="https://www.christopher-parsons.com/writings/cse-summaries/#nsa-intelligence" target="_blank">here.</a> Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource R&D - Research and development Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH06e3a21d92638c58bc0606 Title A name given to the resource NSA Intelligence Relationship with Canada's Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC) (Research & Development) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/e49cd3f3da03e9f75f39c4e88e40229b.pdf d9fa16c125aa667c5f4a3e24407fb0aa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). File 20141010-intercept-cno_core_secrets.jpg CreatorOffice NSA Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2014/10/10/core-secrets/ General intelligence Source:File URL of the source file 20141010-intercept-cno_core_secrets.jpg Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Diagram Report:Creator Author of the original news report Laura Poitras Date:Leaked 2014-10-10 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150604200907/https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2014/10/10/core-secrets/# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document COMINT Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2004 Distribution NOFORN Surveillance Programs General intelligence Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20141010-intercept-cno_core_secrets.jpg Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Description An account of the resource This NSA diagram presents the United States intelligence community's security and distribution codes in a visual form. Subject The topic of the resource Distribution Codes Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH1c165d4fef4ec805304245 Title A name given to the resource NSA/CSS and JFCC-NW National Initiative Task - Security Framework Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/9bdc93f9499c9ebd7a2ccedca01cd5f0.pdf 16bfc1c393e9f196abea5b6c112de9f6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 4 File 20140618-der_spiegel-nsacss_europe-_report_on_the_experiences_of_one_nsa_worker.pdf CreatorOffice A&P Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.spiegel.de/international/the-germany-file-of-edward-snowden-documents-available-for-download-a-975917.html Signals Intelligence Source:File URL of the source file 20140618-der_spiegel-nsacss_europe-_report_on_the_experiences_of_one_nsa_worker.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Personnel names redacted Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Newsletter Report:Creator Author of the original news report Spiegel Staff Date:Leaked 2014-06-18 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150629191306/http://www.spiegel.de/international/the-germany-file-of-edward-snowden-documents-available-for-download-a-975917.html# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Classified Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/harknessj/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1448949494/20140618-der_spiegel-nsacss_europe-_report_on_the_experiences_of_one_nsa_worker.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2006-01-02 Distribution FOUO Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs SIGINT Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Der Spiegel Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20140618-der_spiegel-nsacss_europe-_report_on_the_experiences_of_one_nsa_worker.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a NSA release describing the recent trip of an NSA offical to the German operational units; European Commoand (EUCOM), NSA/CSS Europe (NCEUR), European Technical Center (ETC) and European Security Center for discussion on intelligence partnerships. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Strategic Mission List Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASHe914ada3df2e3ab56d0522 Title A name given to the resource On the Road Again: SID Team Visits Germany Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Analysis and Production Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/d972165ca5942d6116999c2a670d70a2.pdf bd2387dbe363b17b3a96b9142b0c9fa6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 2 File 20150311-NZHerald-SUSLOW Monthly Report WARRIORPRIDE.pdf CreatorOffice SUSLOW Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11415169 General intelligence Source:File URL of the source file 20150311-NZHerald-SUSLOW Monthly Report WARRIORPRIDE.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Document contains redactions Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Report Report:Creator Author of the original news report Matt Nippert Date:Leaked 2015-03-11 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150629191046/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11415169# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document SI Report:Link Link to the original news report http://G:/snowden1/tmp/1449073888/20150311-NZHerald-SUSLOW Monthly Report WARRIORPRIDE.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2013-03 Distribution 5VEY Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs WARRIORPRIDE Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available NZ Herald Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150311-NZHerald-SUSLOW Monthly Report WARRIORPRIDE.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a monthly report from an entity within the NSA referred to as "SUSLOW." This document collates news about intelligence in New Zealand, such as changes to governing intelligence legislation, and the development of the capabilities of New Zealand's intelligence agency, the Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB). Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource KSMG - Key Management Strategy Group Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH71b4aa84734b2820400a47 Title A name given to the resource SUSLOW Monthly Report for March 2013 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Analysis and Production Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/27f7d1d58f662592d2a195481b8dd30b.pdf afda30f18f75b0a54a19f33404243b95 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 3 File 20140618-der_spiegel-explanation_of_nymrod_a_system_for_searching_for_people_and_places_in_databases_and_documents.pdf CreatorOffice CCE Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.spiegel.de/international/the-germany-file-of-edward-snowden-documents-available-for-download-a-975917.html General intelligence Source:File URL of the source file 20140618-der_spiegel-explanation_of_nymrod_a_system_for_searching_for_people_and_places_in_databases_and_documents.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Author's name redacted Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Memo Report:Creator Author of the original news report Spiegel Staff Date:Leaked 2014-06-18 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150629191306/http://www.spiegel.de/international/the-germany-file-of-edward-snowden-documents-available-for-download-a-975917.html# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document SI Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/harknessj/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1441071186/20140618-der_spiegel-explanation_of_nymrod_a_system_for_searching_for_people_and_places_in_databases_and_documents.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2008-11-06 Distribution REL Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs NYMROD Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Der Spiegel Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20140618-der_spiegel-explanation_of_nymrod_a_system_for_searching_for_people_and_places_in_databases_and_documents.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is an internal NSA memo. It describes the operation of NYMROD, an automatic name recognition tool. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource FASTSCOPE Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASHd777bc4557b70ed0f259c5 Title A name given to the resource Trying to Find Potential Matches for a Garbled or Misspelled Name? Get Help from NYMROD Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Center for Content Extraction Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/cacc3db6364768be7f91f48fb6127b51.pdf ab0ce4ed99529632146f8067cb5e4ba6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 1 File 20140329-der_spiegel-gchq_and_nsa_spy_on_heads_of_state.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/gchq-and-nsa-targeted-private-german-companies-a-961444.html Foreign officials Source:File URL of the source file 20140329-der_spiegel-gchq_and_nsa_spy_on_heads_of_state.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Some names may have been removed Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Presentation slides Report:Creator Author of the original news report Holger Stark Date:Leaked 2014-03-29 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150629191309/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/gchq-and-nsa-targeted-private-german-companies-a-961444.html# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Top Secret Report:Link Link to the original news report http://G:/snowden1/tmp/1449073191/20140329-der_spiegel-gchq_and_nsa_spy_on_heads_of_state.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2009 Distribution 5VEY Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs COMINT Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Der Spiegel Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20140329-der_spiegel-gchq_and_nsa_spy_on_heads_of_state.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a list prepared by the NSA Center for Content Extraction. It consists of foreign chief-of-states whose information has been collected by the NSA. The list also alludes to the amount of information (number of citations) collected for each. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Automation of surveillance Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH01b4491cf6abe9f37a6d5be4 Title A name given to the resource Machine vs. Manual Chief-of-State Citations Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Center for Content Extraction Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/951b95876a764c434da9a976497383f2.pdf c5ac4202e8105d0726a80ca92d690159 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 1 File 20150505_intercept_sidtoday-non-linguists-final.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/05/05/nsa-speech-recognition-snowden-searchable-text/ Foreign Media Source:File URL of the source file 20150505_intercept_sidtoday-non-linguists-final.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document POC (Point of Contact) name and contact information redacted Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Newsletter Report:Creator Author of the original news report Dan Froomkin Date:Leaked 2015-05-05 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150723204820/http://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/05/05/nsa-speech-recognition-snowden-searchable-text/#/ Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Unclassified Report:Link Link to the original news report http://G:/snowden1/tmp/1449073934/20150505_intercept_sidtoday-non-linguists-final.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2008-10-23 Distribution FOUO Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs SIGINT Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150505_intercept_sidtoday-non-linguists-final.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is an article from the NSA internal newsletter, SIDtoday. Originating from the NSA Center for Time-Sensitive Information, the article introduces Enhanced Video Text and Audio Processing (eViTAP) program to signals intelligence analysts. EViTAP is an automated news monitoring tool that uses machine translation to provide transcripts and translations of spoken audio content. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Foreign Television Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH89aec53e9f54ea3aa24bbf Title A name given to the resource Coming Soon! A Tool that Enables Non-Linguists to Analyze Foreign-TV News Programs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Center for Time-Sensitive Information Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/799996fc44417303e5a94a2033e3c383.pdf c5ac4202e8105d0726a80ca92d690159 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 1 File 20150505_intercept_sidtoday-non-linguists-final.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/05/05/nsa-speech-recognition-snowden-searchable-text/ Foreign Media Source:File URL of the source file 20150505_intercept_sidtoday-non-linguists-final.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document POC (Point of Contact) name and contact information redacted Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Newsletter Report:Creator Author of the original news report Dan Froomkin Date:Leaked 2015-05-05 Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Unclassified Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F290.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2008-10-23 Distribution FOUO Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs SIGINT Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150505_intercept_sidtoday-non-linguists-final.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is an article from the NSA internal newsletter, SIDtoday. Originating from the NSA Center for Time-Sensitive Information, the article introduces Enhanced Video Text and Audio Processing (eViTAP) program to signals intelligence analysts. EViTAP is an automated news monitoring tool that uses machine translation to provide transcripts and translations of spoken audio content. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Foreign Television Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH010341dd2b9c9f33e3eeef6e Title A name given to the resource Coming Soon! A Tool that Enables Non-Linguists to Analyze Foreign-TV News Programs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Center for Time-Sensitive Information Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/65b470d94a0f9af0f2e02a367be01304.pdf 24f39e0dd21c46711b5f29eb3aae7575 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 31 File FOXACID-Server-SOP-Redacted.pdf CreatorOffice CSS Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://theintercept.com/2016/08/19/the-nsa-was-hacked-snowden-documents-confirm/ Computer systems Source:File URL of the source file FOXACID-Server-SOP-Redacted.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document URLS, contact information, and passwords redacted. Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Operations Manual Report:Creator Author of the original news report Sam Biddle Date:Leaked 2016-08-19 URL https://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/*/https://theintercept.com/2016/08/19/the-nsa-was-hacked-snowden-documents-confirm/ Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document COMINT Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F1423.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2010 Distribution REL USA, AUS, CAN, GBR, NZL Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs Communications Intelligence Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived FOXACID-Server-SOP-Redacted.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This NSA document, from "no earlier than 2010," is a draft of the standard operating procedures for using the FOXACID server. This NSA server is used in TAO (tailored access operations) for hacking into target's networks. The user manual describes different procedures and malicious tools for directing target's web browsers to the FOXACID server which results in computer exploitation. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Web Browser Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH01b81beb05f94fb0620eb60b Title A name given to the resource NSA Central Security Service: FOXACID SOP for Operational Management of FOXACID Infrastructure (Draft) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Central Security Service Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/c17286a4942ab0d323f3d34c57234c77.pdf dd359b3c0fce479b40b6b04f26852377 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 31 File 07-Introduction-to-BADDECISION-Redacted.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://theintercept.com/2016/08/19/the-nsa-was-hacked-snowden-documents-confirm/ Computer systems Source:File URL of the source file 07-Introduction-to-BADDECISION-Redacted.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document No redactions. Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Presentation Slides Report:Creator Author of the original news report Sam Biddle Date:Leaked 2016-08-19 URL https://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/*/https://theintercept.com/2016/08/19/the-nsa-was-hacked-snowden-documents-confirm/ Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document COMINT Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F1409.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2010-12-15 Distribution NOFORN Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs Communications Intelligence Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 07-Introduction-to-BADDECISION-Redacted.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a slide deck used during a "Close Access" NSA training course to introduce students to computer network exploitation (CNE) tool, BADDECISION. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Man in the Middle Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH011af20d2ab587aa102568b6 Title A name given to the resource Introduction to BADDECISION Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Close Access Relation A related resource Snowden