7 10 626 https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/80b005ff32f9101c82a0d7df8615acf9.pdf 829aba1a037a4497df87f90a90ac894d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 3 File 20150803-intercept-blast_from_the_past_yrs_in_the_beginning.pdf CreatorOffice YRS Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/08/03/life-unmasking-british-eavesdroppers/ Soviet communication Source:File URL of the source file 20150803-intercept-blast_from_the_past_yrs_in_the_beginning.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document POCs (Point of Contact) names and contact information redacted Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Newsletter Report:Creator Author of the original news report Duncan Campbell Date:Leaked 2015-08-03 Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Top Secret Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F1113.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2011-01 Distribution 5VEY Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs ECHELON ; FROSTING Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150803-intercept-blast_from_the_past_yrs_in_the_beginning.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This January 2011 newsletter extract, published by the NSA's Yakima Research Station (YRS), includes two articles. The first article gives a history (covering the years 1965 to 1974) of the development of the YRS based on archival material newly processed at the station. The YRS “mission was to collect, process and forward selected International Common Access telegraphy voice, and facsimile signals relayed over the POR satellite to NSA for analysis and reporting.” The second article briefly discusses the YRS's use of the Cloud environment for ingesting data as a “means to advance cyber threat discovery.” Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource TRANSIENT Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASHa4e718e3cd66180dca383c Title A name given to the resource Blast from the past: YRS in the beginning Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency - Yakima Research Station Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/ff39633e3f94c73132e0b7d2edc918a4.pdf c72267578f18ad5dc81bab1c120eadca Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 4 File 20150925-intercept-blazing_saddles_tools.pdf CreatorOffice GCHQ Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak https://theintercept.com/2015/09/25/gchq-radio-porn-spies-track-web-users-online-identities/ Internet Metadata Source:File URL of the source file 20150925-intercept-blazing_saddles_tools.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Source of document redacted Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Wiki article Report:Creator Author of the original news report Ryan Gallagher Date:Leaked 2015-09-25 Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document COMINT Report:Link Link to the original news report http://G:/snowden1/tmp/1449074203/20150925-intercept-blazing_saddles_tools.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2011 Distribution STRAP 1 Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs BLAZING SADDLES ; AUTOASSOC ; HRMAP ; INFINITE MONKEYS ; KARMA POLICE ; MARBLED GECKO ; MEMORY HOLE ; MUTANT BROTH ; SAMUEL PEPYS ; SOCIAL ANIMAL ; SOCIAL ANTHROPOID ; GOLDEN AXE Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Intercept Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20150925-intercept-blazing_saddles_tools.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a page from GCHQ's internal Wiki, GCWiki. It describes GCHQ's BLAZING SADDLES program. This is the TDB portion of the second pilot of the Next Generation Events Program under the Better Analysis Programme. </br> The primary purpose of BLAZING SADDLES was to increase the "supportability and scale" of events captured under various other profiling tools operated by the agency. This document identifies various other components of BLAZING SADDLES, including AUTOASSOC, HRMap, INFINITE MONKEYS and KARMA POLICE. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Better Analysis Program Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH015ab446497aa1803204119f Title A name given to the resource Blazing Saddles Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/fc4972b0b9c0e5afd2e0fa7ceb376479.pdf e5c14101a8cc48f61bdeca23b8a7d462 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 1 File 20131122-dagbladet-afghanistan_collection.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.dagbladet.no/2013/11/22/nyheter/edward_snowden/utenriks/usa/nsa/30444117/ Telephony metadata Source:File URL of the source file 20131122-dagbladet-afghanistan_collection.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Report Report:Creator Author of the original news report Glenn Greenwald Date:Leaked 2013-11-22 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150703204906/http://www.dagbladet.no/2013/11/22/nyheter/edward_snowden/utenriks/usa/nsa/30444117/# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Unknown Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1449701762/20131122-dagbladet-afghanistan_collection.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2013-01-08 Distribution Unknown Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs BOUNDLESS INFORMANT Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Dagbladet Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20131122-dagbladet-afghanistan_collection.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a report from the BOUNDLESSINFORMANT big data analysis tool used by the NSA. It shows the NSA's efforts in monitoring telephonic and internet communications in Afghanistan in a 30 day period between December 10 2012 and Janurary 8 2013. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource DNR - Dial Number Recognition metadata Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH01b658054380a7314d208d9b Title A name given to the resource Boundless Informant : Afghanistan , Dec 10 2012 - Jan 8 2013 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/ce7ec11d2a6724b7119c548a18e3c4ae.pdf e5c14101a8cc48f61bdeca23b8a7d462 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 1 File 20131122-dagbladet-afghanistan_collection.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.dagbladet.no/2013/11/22/nyheter/edward_snowden/utenriks/usa/nsa/30444117/ Telephony metadata Source:File URL of the source file 20131122-dagbladet-afghanistan_collection.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Report Report:Creator Author of the original news report Glenn Greenwald Date:Leaked 2013-11-22 Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Unknown Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F445.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2013-01-08 Distribution Unknown Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs BOUNDLESS INFORMANT Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Dagbladet Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20131122-dagbladet-afghanistan_collection.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a report from the BOUNDLESSINFORMANT big data analysis tool used by the NSA. It shows the NSA's efforts in monitoring telephonic and internet communications in Afghanistan in a 30 day period between December 10 2012 and Janurary 8 2013. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource DNR - Dial Number Recognition metadata Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASHaf061d42f881f0538a0f20 Title A name given to the resource Boundless Informant : Afghanistan , Dec 10 2012 - Jan 8 2013 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/cca1b08e2c88367632c0c84209b61bd8.pdf d36a37dfde2c748665f1e2ab38a8d6dc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 1 File 20131021-monde-boundless_informant_france.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.lemonde.fr/technologies/article/2013/10/21/france-in-the-nsa-s-crosshair-phone-networks-under-surveillance_3499741_651865.html Internet metadata Source:File URL of the source file 20131021-monde-boundless_informant_france.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Report Report:Creator Author of the original news report Glenn Greenwald Date:Leaked 2013-10-21 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150630194835/http://www.lemonde.fr/technologies/article/2013/10/21/france-in-the-nsa-s-crosshair-phone-networks-under-surveillance_3499741_651865.html# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Unknown Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1449701717/20131021-monde-boundless_informant_france.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2013-01 Distribution Unknown Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs US-985D Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Le Monde Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20131021-monde-boundless_informant_france.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a report from the BOUNDLESSINFORMANT big data analysis tool used by the NSA. It shows the NSA's efforts in monitoring telephonic and internet communications in France in a 30 day period between December 10 2012 and Janurary 8 2013. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Telephone communications Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH0153c32e0a9d12700dc0ff70 Title A name given to the resource Boundless Informant : France, December 10 2012 - January 8 2013 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/2b250166bfe036ae17841690d1cc4a5f.pdf af31de775f4ff08dcc768aa1bc9d05a7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 4 File 20131205-espresso-italy_spying.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://espresso.repubblica.it/inchieste/2013/12/05/news/revealed-how-the-nsa-targets-italy-1.144428 Telephony metadata Source:File URL of the source file 20131205-espresso-italy_spying.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Report Report:Creator Author of the original news report Stefania Maurizi Date:Leaked 2013-12-05 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150702212844/http://espresso.repubblica.it/inchieste/2013/12/05/news/revealed-how-the-nsa-targets-italy-1.144428# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Unknown Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1449701770/20131205-espresso-italy_spying.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2012-12-24 Distribution Unknown Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs BOUNDLESS INFORMANT Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available l'Espresso Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20131205-espresso-italy_spying.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a report from the BOUNDLESSINFORMANT big data analysis tool used by the NSA. It shows the NSA's efforts in monitoring telephonic and internet communications in Italy in a 6 day period between December 18 and December 24 2012. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource DNR - Dial Number Recognition metadata Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH01111ebcf37fdc86abeb3033 Title A name given to the resource Boundless Informant : Italy , Dec 18 - 24 2012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/8172e2416f41e86cc2d4d1cbf0a75f18.pdf f293421ead5dcf6b2b667a53aeed0f6e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 1 File 20140207-nrc-boundless_nederland.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Date:CreatedCirca ca. Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2014/02/08/nsa-hielp-nederland-met-onderzoek-naar-herkomst-18-miljoen/ Telephony metadata Source:File URL of the source file 20140207-nrc-boundless_nederland.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document Classification codes appear to be supplied by publisher Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Report Report:Creator Author of the original news report Huib Modderkolk Date:Leaked 2014-02-07 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150716203834/http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2014/02/08/nsa-hielp-nederland-met-onderzoek-naar-herkomst-18-miljoen/# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Unknown Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/collect/snowden1/tmp/1449701806/20140207-nrc-boundless_nederland.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2012 Distribution Unknown Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs BOUNDLESS INFORMANT Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available NRC Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20140207-nrc-boundless_nederland.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a report from the BOUNDLESSINFORMANT big data analysis tool used by the NSA. It shows the NSA's efforts in monitoring telephonic and internet communications in The Netherlands in a 30 day period between December 10 2012 and Janurary 8 2013. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Telephony metadata Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH0146b3ea1f8aaa0ab91472fc Title A name given to the resource Boundless Informant : Netherlands, Dec 10 2012 - Jan 8 2013 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/706d064ba0d853658f34b11ba4407154.pdf 8c77ff0bd4755efbe0e683a44902ce5c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 1 File 20131119-dagbladet-norway_collection_0.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.dagbladet.no/2013/11/19/nyheter/pluss/edward_snowden/innenriks/snowden_i_norge/30338184/ Telephony metadata Source:File URL of the source file 20131119-dagbladet-norway_collection_0.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Report Report:Creator Author of the original news report Morten Strand Date:Leaked 2013-11-19 Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Unknown Report:Link Link to the original news report http://G:/snowden1/tmp/1449072911/20131119-dagbladet-norway_collection_0.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2013-01-08 Distribution Unknown Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs BOUNDLESS INFORMANT Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Dagbladet Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20131119-dagbladet-norway_collection_0.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a report from the BOUNDLESSINFORMANT big data analysis tool used by the NSA. It shows the NSA's efforts in monitoring telephonic and internet communications in Norway in a 30 day period between December 10 2012 and Janurary 8 2013. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource DNR - Dial Number Recognition metadata Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH01bc3e4698e7d62a6034e0f8 Title A name given to the resource Boundless Informant : Norway , Dec 10 2012 - Jan 8 2013 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/0bc7c99a6e867d61eec6ed0ac2f28c5a.pdf 5ced426fee735b9622d83a29ca7f96e3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 1 File 20131028-mundo-spain_collections.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.elmundo.es/espana/2013/10/28/526dcbad61fd3d07678b456b.html Internet metadata Source:File URL of the source file 20131028-mundo-spain_collections.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Report Report:Creator Author of the original news report German Aranda Date:Leaked 2013-10-28 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150703204908/http://www.elmundo.es/espana/2013/10/28/526dcbad61fd3d07678b456b.html# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Unknown Report:Link Link to the original news report http://C:/Users/Amocelotl/Greenstone/tmp/F602.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2012-01-08 Distribution Unknown Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs BOUNDLESS INFORMANT Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available El Mundo Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20131028-mundo-spain_collections.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a report from the BOUNDLESSINFORMANT big data analysis tool used by the NSA. It shows the NSA's efforts in monitoring telephonic and internet communications in Spain in a 30 day period between December 10 2012 and Janurary 8 2013. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Internet metadata Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH403b079de58ef886827c58 Title A name given to the resource Boundless Informant : Spain , Dec 10 2012 - Jan 8 2013 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency Relation A related resource Snowden https://snowden.xsurveillance.site/files/original/bf523294be5df6c644e4bf0fe362d6e3.pdf 0ca760dc1b05b189380d4605513b77ab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Snowden Files Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Leak Core Element Set for Leaks (especially the Snowden files). NumPages 3 File 20131122-dagbladet-boundless_informant_faq.pdf CreatorOffice NSA Description:Target Targets mentioned in the leak http://www.dagbladet.no/2013/11/22/nyheter/edward_snowden/utenriks/usa/nsa/30444117/ Telephony metadata Source:File URL of the source file 20131122-dagbladet-boundless_informant_faq.pdf Source:Redactions Description of redactions in the leaked document None Source:Genre Genre of the leaked document Factsheet Report:Creator Author of the original news report Glenn Greenwald Date:Leaked 2013-11-22 URL http://wayback.archive-it.org/5840/20150703204906/http://www.dagbladet.no/2013/11/22/nyheter/edward_snowden/utenriks/usa/nsa/30444117/# Source:Classification Classification level of the leaked document Unclassified Report:Link Link to the original news report http://G:/snowden1/tmp/1449072982/20131122-dagbladet-boundless_informant_faq.html Date:Created Creation date of the leaked file 2012-09-06 Distribution FOUO Encoding utf8 Surveillance Programs BOUNDLESS INFORMANT Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Dagbladet Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 20131122-dagbladet-boundless_informant_faq.pdf Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Description An account of the resource This document is a NSA factsheet answering analyst's frequently asked questions about BOUNDLESSINFORMANT, a tool used by the NSA to track and visualize global surveillance data. It is identical to the factsheet previously released by The Guardian. Language A language of the resource en Subject The topic of the resource Big Data Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASH01d087e410720047f5b247d6 Title A name given to the resource BOUNDLESSINFORMANT - Frequently Asked Questions Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Security Agency Relation A related resource Snowden